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Supplies 6 Months on the Oregon Trail for Survival with $ 420. total The US Government was already set up to ship goods to Mexico from Independence, Mo. Thus this town became the starting point in 1843 when the first 1,000 settlers set out for the west on the Oregon Trail. In 1850 the year after Gold was discovered, over 55,000 people made this same historic trek. The wagons carried their supplies and the Ox Teams provided the power. A Three man traveling team had to plan their supplies carefully for the six month trek, taking in to account the weight restrictions on the wagon and their budget. Here is the list of supplies and costs suggested by experienced pioneers : Covered Studebaker Wagon $ 85. ( 3’ wide and 10’ long ) 4 Ox ( 2 pair teams ) $ 100. Harnesses $ 12. 3 Rifles $ 60. 3 Pairs of Pistols $ 45. 30 lbs. Lead ( bullets ) $ 1.20 5 barrels Flour ( 1,080 lbs ) $ 20. 600 lbs. of Bacon $ 30. 100 lbs of Coffee $ 8. Tent ( 30 lbs ) $ 5. 50 lbs of Salt / Pepper $ 2. 50 lbs of Lard $ 2.50 5 pounds of Tea $ 2.75 150 lbs of Sugar $ 7. 75 lbs of Rice $ 3.75 50 lbs of Dried Fruit $ 7. Pots and Pans ( 30 lbs ) $ 3.50 Matches ( glass container ) $ 1. Candles / Soap ( 50 lbs ) $ 4. Bedding ( 45 lbs ) $ 22. Personal Baggage ( 150 lbs ) Total Weight 2,505 pounds The Oregon Trail ended officially in 1884 when the railroad was completed. Over 300,000 traveled the trail between 1843 – 1884, with over 30,000 losing their lives en route. The costs of goods if needed on the trail would cost 10 – 20 times the cost in the stores in Independence, Mo.

In July of 1951, Congress authorized construction of the world's first nuclear powered submarine at the Electric Boat Shipyard in Groton, Connecticut. After nearly 18 months of construction, NAUTILUS was launched on January 21, 1954 with First Lady Mamie Eisenhower breaking the traditional bottle of champagne across the bow. Eight months later, on September 30, 1954, NAUTILUS became the first commissioned nuclear powered ship in the United States Navy, and on the morning of January 17, 1955, at 11 am EST, NAUTILUS' first Commanding Officer, Commander Eugene P. Wilkinson, ordered all lines cast off and signaled the memorable and historic message, "Underway On Nuclear Power." Over the next several years, NAUTILUS shattered all submerged speed and distance records. On July 23, 1958, NAUTILUS departed Pearl Harbor, Hawaii under top-secret orders to conduct ‘Operation Sunshine’, the first crossing of the North Pole by a ship. On August 3, 1958, NAUTILUS' second Commanding Officer, Commander William R. Anderson, announced to his crew, "For the world, our country, and the Navy - the North Pole." With 116 men aboard, NAUTILUS had accomplished the impossible, reaching the geographic North Pole - 90 degrees North.

IBM Celebrates Banner Year 1947 Johnson City, NY “One Hundred Percenter Convention” In 1947 IBM announced an increase in revenue of 22% with an employment staff of over 22,000. One of IBMs innovative products is the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator, called the Mark I, a joint development with Harvard University. It is the first machine that can execute long computations automatically. Over 50 feet long, eight feet high and weighing almost five tons, the Mark I takes less than a second to solve an addition problem, six seconds for multiplication and twice as long for division. This year it was followed up by the 603 Electronic Multiplier, the next line of IBM machines.